Red Tourmaline (with gem quality pieces being referred to as Rubellite) is a beryllium aluminum silicate mineral that crystallizes in the form of masses, as well as vertical hexagonal pillars. Most specimens are found formed in a Quartz matrix or grown on top of one. The majority of pieces on the market come from localities spread across Brazil, especially the state of Minas Gerais. Superior quality Rubellite has also come out of Africa, as well as the legendary tourmaline mines in Maine and Southern California (United States).